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Упит dcterms_subject_txt:Language and Linguistics

2122 items

  • Веб-алат за управљање грађом Речника САНУ и анотација листића

    Рада Стијовић, Ранка Станковић, Михаило Шкорић (2020)
    Грађа на основу које се израђује Речник српскохрватског књижевног и народног језика САНУ, а која садржи материјал из преко 4.500 писаних извора и 300 рукописних збирки речи са подручја народних говора штокавског наречја, забележена је на око 5.000.000 листића. Богат лексички материјал, који обухвата књижевни и народни језик у протекла два века и на основу кога треба да се напише још најмање 15 томова Речника, пружа могућност и за разноврсна лингвистичка и ванлингвистичка истраживања. Из тог разлога се приступило ...
    лексикографска грађа, листићи, лексикографски алат, дигитализација, анотација

  • Two approaches to compilation of bilingual multi-word terminology lists from lexical resources

    Branislava Šandrih, Cvetana Krstev, Ranka Stanković (2020)
    In this paper, we present two approaches and the implemented system for bilingual terminology extraction that rely on an aligned bilingual domain corpus, a terminology extractor for a target language, and a tool for chunk alignment. The two approaches differ in the way terminology for the source language is obtained: the first relies on an existing domain terminology lexicon, while the second one uses a term extraction tool. For both approaches, four experiments were performed with two parameters being ...
    Linguistics and Language,Software,Artificial Intelligence,Language and Linguistics

  • Corpus-based bilingual terminology extraction in the power engineering domain

    Tanja Ivanović, Ranka Stanković, Branislava Šandrih Todorović, Cvetana Krstev (2022)
    Ovaj rad predstavlja resurse i alate koji se koriste za ekstrkciju i evaluaciju dvojezične, englesko-srpske terminologije u domenu energetike. Resursi se sastoje od postojeće opšte i domenske leksike i domenskog paralelnog korpusa; alati uključuju ekstraktore termina za oba jezika i alat za poravnavanje segmenata koji pripadaju korpusnim rečenicama. Sistem je testiran variranjem funkcije podudaranja koja utvrđuje prisustvo ekstrahovanog termina u poravnatom segmentu (odsečak), u rasponu od veoma labavog do strogog. Procena rezultata je pokazala da je preciznost izdvajanja termina ...
    Library and Information Sciences, Communication, Language and Linguistics

  • A Multilingual Evaluation Dataset for Monolingual Word Sense Alignment

    Sina Ahmadi, John P McCrae, Sanni Nimb, Fahad Khan, Monica Monachini, Bolette S Pedersen, Thierry Declerck, Tanja Wissik, Andrea Bellandi, Irene Pisani, [...] Ranka Stanković and others (2020)
    Aligning senses across resources and languages is a challenging task with beneficial applications in the field of natural language processing and electronic lexicography. In this paper, we describe our efforts in manually aligning monolingual dictionaries. The alignment is carried out at sense-level for various resources in 15 languages. Moreover, senses are annotated with possible semantic relationships such as broadness, narrowness, relatedness, and equivalence. In comparison to previous datasets for this task, this dataset covers a wide range of languages ...
    lexical semantic resources, sense alignment, lexicography, language resource
    ... Resource-based WordNet aug- mentation and enrichment. In Svetla Koeva, editor, Pro- ceedings of the Third International Conference Com- putational Linguistics in Bulgaria (CLIB 2018), pages 104–114, Sofia, Bulgaria, May. Institute for Bulgar- ian Language “Prof. Lyubomir Andreychin”, Bulgarian ...
    ... Compu- tational Linguistics and the 44th annual meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 105– 112. Association for Computational Linguistics. Niemann, E. and Gurevych, I. (2011). The people’s web meets linguistic knowledge: Automatic sense alignment of Wikipedia and WordNet. In ...
    ... Portuguesa Contem- porânea (DLPC, (Casteleiro, 2001)) and Dicionário Aberto (DA)16 were used. Russian Ozhegov and Shvedova’s ”The Dictionary of the Russian Language” (Ozhegov and Shvedova, 1992) and the Dictionary of the Russian Language edited by A.P. Evgenyeva, or Maliy Akademicheskiy Slo- ...

  • Српски језик у дигиталном добу -- The Serbian Language in the Digital Age

    Duško Vitas, Ljubomir Popović, Cvetana Krstev, Ivan Obradović, Gordana Pavlović-Lažetić, Mladen Stanojević (2012)
    Serbian language
    ... Sciences de l’Ingénieur and Institute for Multilingual and Multimedia In- formation: Joseph Mariani Evaluations and Language Resources Distribution Agency: Khalid Choukri Холандија Netherlands Utrecht Institute of Linguistics, Utrecht Univ.: Jan Odijk Computational Linguistics, Univ. of Groningen: Gertjan ...
    ... from the field of computational linguistics are present within com- puter science, electronics, library science, linguistics and psychology studies at the Universities of Belgrade and Novi Sad. Courses offered to students cover the ba- sic concepts of natural language processing, but they aim to educate ...
    ... Rosner Немачка Germany Language Technology Lab, DFKI: Hans Uszkoreit, Georg Rehm Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition, RWTH Aachen Univ.: Hermann Ney Dept. of Computational Linguistics, Saarland Univ.: Manfred Pinkal Норвешка Norway Dept. of Linguistic, Literary and Aesthetic Studies, Univ ...

  • EUROLAN 2021: Introduction to Linked Data for Linguistics Online Training School

    Milan Dojchinovski, Julia Bosque Gil, Jorge Gracia, Ranka Stanković (2021)
    Prva škola za obuku polaznika koju je organizovala COST akcija NexusLinguarum održana je od 8. do 12. februara 2021. godine sa ciljem da studenti, istraživači i stručnjaci nauče osnove lingvističke nauke o podacima. Tokom obuke polaznici su se upoznali sa širokim spektrom tema: od semantičkog veba, RDF -a i ontologija, do modeliranja i pretraživanja jezičkih podataka pomoću najsavremenijih ontoloških modela i alata. Škola je održana u okviru serije letnjih škola EUROLAN-a i organizovalo ju je virtuelno (onlajn) nekoliko instituta; ...
    nauka o lingvističkim podacima, povezani podaci u lingvistici, jezički podaci, EUROLAN, NexusLinguarum, COST akcija, škola za obuku
    ... of computational linguistics and natural language processing (NLP). The goal of this 15th EUROLAN School was to bring together scholars, teachers and students of linguistics, NLP and information technology to discuss the principles and best practices for repre- senting, publishing and linking linguistic ...
    ... RDFS, RDF(S), RDF-S, or RDF/S), Web Ontology Language (OWL),5 etc.); – SPARQL query language- a semantic query language for databases able to retrieve and manipulate data stored in the RDF format; 2. EUROLAN 3. Deliverable D1.1 4. Introducing Linked Data and the Semantic Web 5. OWL 114 Infotheca Vol ...
    ... the JeRTeh14 Language Resources and Technologies So- ciety set up a local installation of VocBench15 and, apart from JeRTeh mem- bers, it was used by students and teachers of the Intelligent Systems PhD program16 at the University of Belgradefor the subjects Knowledge repre- sentation and Semantic web ...

  • FrameNet Lexical Database: Presenting a Few Frames Within the Risk Domain

    Aleksandra Marković, Ranka Stanković, Natalija Tomić, Olivera Kitanović (2021)
    U radu se daje kratak prikaz teorije semantike okvira, na kojoj je zasnovana leksička baza Frejmnet. Predstavljena je koncepcija ove mreže, kao i mogućnosti njene primene. Predstavljena je i leksička analiza koja se primenjuje u projektu izrade Frejmneta i ukazano na razlike između analize zasnovane na okviru u odnosu na analizu zasnovanu na reči. Zatim je prikazano nekoliko povezanih okvira koje prizivaju reči iz domena rizika. U radu je predstavljena i platforma NLTК pomoću koje se mogu koristiti ...
    Srpski jezik, semantika okvira, FrameNet, scenario rizika, rudarski korpus, obrada prirodnog jezika
    ... Hamilton, Craig, Svenja Adolphs, and Brigitte Nerlich. 2007. “The meanings of ‘risk’: A view from corpus linguistics.” Discourse & Society 18 (2): 163–181. Jurafsky, Dan, and James H Martin. 2020. “Semantic Role Labeling and Ar- gument Structure.” Chap. 19 in Speech and Language Processing, 3rd ed. December ...
    ... collaborations and future goals.” Language Resources and Evaluation 46 (2): 269–286. Boas, Hans C., and Ryan Dux. 2017. “From the past into the present: From case frames to semantic frames.” Linguistics Vanguard 3 (1): 20160003. https://doi.org/doi:10.1515/lingvan-2016-0003. Brač, Ivana, and Ana Ostroški ...
    ... 1976. “Frame semantics and the nature of language.” In Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences: Conference on the origin and development of language and speech, 280:20–32. 1. New York. Fillmore, Charles J. 1982. “Frame semantics.” Linguistic society of Korea (ed.), Linguistics in the morning calm, ...

  • An Approach to Efficient Processing of Multi-Word Units

    Cvetana Krstev, Ivan Obradović, Ranka Stanković, Duško Vitas (2013)
    Efficient processing of Multi-Word Units in the course of development of morphological MWU dictionaries is not easy to achieve, especially when languages with complex morphological structures are concerned, such as Serbian. Manual development of this type of dictionaries is a tedious and extremely slow process. To alleviate this problem we turned to our multipurpose software tool, dubbed LeXimir, in the production of lemmas for e-dictionaries of multi-word units. In addition to that, we developed a procedure aimed at making ...
    Natural Language Processing, Grammatical Category, Lexical Representation, MWU, multi-word unit
    ... automata in the lexical representation of natural language. In: Electronic dictionaries and automata in computational linguistics, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 377, pp. 34–50. Springer (1989) 6. Krstev, C.: Processing of Serbian — Automata, Texts and Electronic Dictionaries. Faculty of Philology ...
    ... Obradović, I., Utvić, M.: E-dictionaries and finite-state automata for the recognition of named entities. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Finite State Methods and Natural Language Processing, pp. 48–56. Association for Computational Linguistics, Blois, France (2011). URL http://www ...
    ... Przepiórkowski, A.: Slavonic information extraction and partial parsing. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Balto-Slavonic Natural Language Processing: Information Extraction and En- abling Technologies, ACL ’07, pp. 1–10. Association for Computational Linguistics, Strouds- burg, PA, USA (2007). URL http://dl ...

  • Managing mining project documentation using human language technology

    Aleksandra Tomašević, Ranka Stanković, Miloš Utvić, Ivan Obradović, Božo Kolonja (2018)
    Purpose: This paper aims to develop a system, which would enable efficient management and exploitation of documentation in electronic form, related to mining projects, with information retrieval and information extraction (IE) features, using various language resources and natural language processing. Design/methodology/approach: The system is designed to integrate textual, lexical, semantic and terminological resources, enabling advanced document search and extraction of information. These resources are integrated with a set of Web services and applications, for different user profiles and use-cases. Findings: The ...
    Digital libraries, Information retrieval, Data mining, Human language technologies, Project documentation

  • The Dictionary of the Serbian Academy: from the Text to the Lexical Database

    Ranka Stanković, Rada Stijović, Duško Vitas, Cvetana Krstev, Olga Sabo (2018)
    In this paper we discuss the project of digitization of the Dictionary of the Serbo-Croatian Standard and Vernacular Language. Scanning and character recognition were a particular challenge, since various non-standard character set encoding was used in the course of the almost 60-year long production of the dictionary. The first aim of the project was to formalize the micro-structure of the dictionary articles in order to parse the digitized text of and transform it into structured data stored in relational lexical database. This approach ...
    computer lexicography, lexical database, language resources, dictionary, Serbian language
    ... model and software solution can be successfully used for the other volumes as well. Keywords: computer lexicography, lexical database, language resources, dictionary, Serbian language 1 Introduction The first volume of the Dictionary of the Serbo-Croatian Standard and Vernacular Language (re- ferred ...
    ... public. References Ahačič, K., Ledinek, N., & Perdih, A. (2015). Fran: The Next Generation Slovenian Dictionary Portal. In Natural Language Processing, Corpus Linguistics, Lexicography. Eight International Conference Bratislava, Slovakia, pp. 21-22. Berg, D. L., Gonnet, G. H., & Tompa, F. W. (1988) ...
    ... olga011@yahoo.com Abstract In this paper we discuss the project of digitization of the Dictionary of the Serbo-Croatian Standard and Ver- nacular Language. Scanning and character recognition were a particular challenge, since various non-standard character set encoding was used in the course of the almost ...

  • A Twitter Corpus and Lexicon for Abusive Speech Detection in Serbian

    Danka Jokić, Ranka Stanković, Cvetana Krstev, Branislava Šandrih (2021)
    Uvredljivi govor na društvenim medijima, uključujući psovke, pogrdni govor i govor mržnje, dostigao je nivo pandemije. Sistem koji bi bio u stanju da detektuje takve tekstove mogao bi da pomogne da internet i društveni mediji postanu bolji virtuelni prostor sa više poštovanja. Istraživanja i komercijalna primena u ovoj oblasti do sada su bili fokusirani uglavnom na engleski jezik. Ovaj rad predstavlja rad na izgradnji AbCoSER-a, prvog korpusa uvredljivog govora na srpskom jeziku. Korpus se sastoji od 6.436 ručno označenih ...
    uvredljivi jezik, govor mržnje, srpski, tviter, leksikon, korpus
    ... Viviana Patti, and Cristina Bosco. Hate speech annotation: Analysis of an Italian twitter corpus. In 4th Italian Conference on Computational Linguistics, CLiC-it 2017, volume 2006, pages 1–6. CEUR-WS, 2017. 34 Amir H Razavi, Diana Inkpen, Sasha Uritsky, and Stan Matwin. Offensive language detection using ...
    ... Wiegand, Josef Ruppenhofer, Anna Schmidt, and Clayton Greenberg. Inducing a lexicon of abusive words – a feature-based approach. In Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, June 1ŰJune 6, 2018, New Orleans ...
    ... Association for Computational Linguistics, 2019. doi:10.18653/v1/s19-2010. 52 Marcos Zampieri, Preslav Nakov, Sara Rosenthal, Pepa Atanasova, Georgi Karadzhov, Hamdy Mubarak, Leon Derczynski, Zeses Pitenis, and Çağrı Çöltekin. SemEval-2020 Task 12: Multi- lingual Offensive Language Identification in Social ...

  • Development of Open Educational Resources (OER) for Natural Language Processing

    Cvetana Krstev, Biljana Lazić, Ranka Stanković, Giovanni Schiuma, Miladin Kotorčević (2015)
    In this paper we present the development of an online course at the edX BAEKTEL platform named “Lexical Recognition in the Natural Language Processing (NLP)”. It is based on the course of the same name for PhD studies at the University of Belgrade, Faculty of Philology. There are not many courses in Computational Linguistics (CL) on OER platforms, and there is none in Serbian either for CL or NLP. We have developed this course in order to improve this ...
    E-Learning, Open Educational Resources, Computational Linguistics, Lexical Resources, edX
    ... COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS AND NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING Computational linguistics (CL) is a theoretical discipline between linguistics and computer science concerned with understanding and modelling the written and spoken language from a computational aspect.[3]Natural Language Processing ...
    ... mining and environmental protection, geology and natural language processing, the last being in the focus of this paper. Why Study Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Computational Linguistics (CL)? Natural language processing is the technology for dealing with human language, as it ...
    ... field in Serbia, broadened its influence, and established the group of interested researchers. The first courses at University of Belgrade were introduced in 1994: in Mathematical and CL for students of General Linguistics and students of Serbian language at the Faculty of Philology, as well as ...

  • Part of Speech Tagging for Serbian language using Natural Language Toolkit

    Ranka Stanković, Boro Milovanović (2020)
    Dok se razvijaju složeni algoritmi za NLP (obrada prirodnog jezika), osnovni zadaci kao što je označavanje ostaju veoma važni i još uvek izazovni. NLTK (Natural Language Toolkit) je moćna Python biblioteka za razvoj programa zasnovanih na NLP-u. Pokušavamo da iskoristimo ovu biblioteku za kreiranje PoS (vrsta reči) oznake za savremeni srpski jezik. Jedanaest različitih modela je kreirano korišćenjem NLTK API-ja za označavanje. Najbolji modeli se transformišu sa Brill tagerom da bi se poboljšala tačnost. Obučili smo modele na označenom ...
    obrada prirodnog jezika, mašinsko učenje, neuronske mreže
    ... Krstev, and D. Vitas “Lexical Analysis of Serbian with Conditional Random Fields and Large-Coverage Finite-State Resources”, Proc. 7th Language and Technology Conference (LTC), Poznan, Poland, Nov. 2015 [8] N. Ljubešić, F. Klubička, Ž. Agić, and I. Jazbec, “New inflectional lexicons and training ...
    ... Soria, and K. Choukri, “Language Resources Production Models: the Case of the INTERA Multilingual Corpus and Terminology,” Proc. Fifth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC’06), Genoa, Italy, May 2006 [11] D. l. Tufis, S. Koeva, T. Erjavec, M. Gavrilidou, and C. Krstev ...
    ... Šandrih, C. Krstev, M. Utvić, and M. Škorić, “Machine Learning and Deep Neural Network-Based Lemmatization and Morphosyntactic Tagging for Serbian,” Proc. International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, pp. 3954‑3962, May 2020 [24] A. Akbik, D. Blythe, and R. Vollgraf, “Contextual String ...

  • Terminological and lexical resources used to provide open multilingual educational resources

    Biljana Lazić, Danica Seničić, Aleksandra Tomašević, Bojan Zlatić (2016)
    Open educational resources (OER) within BAEKTEL (Blending Academic and Entrepreneurial Knowledge in Technology enhanced learning) network will be available in different languages, mostly in the languages of Western Balkans, Russian and English. University of Belgrade (UB) hosts a central repository based on: BAEKTEL Metadata Portal (BMP), terminological web application for management, browse and search of terminological resources, web services for linguistic support (query expansion, information retrieval, OER indexing, etc.), annotation of selected resources and OER repository on local edX ...
    otvoreni obrazovni resursi, leksički resursi, obrada prirodnih jezika, terminologija
    ... crossroad between linguistics, psycholinguistics, computer science, engineering and statistics, as we go more in-depth, experts from more narrow fields are required. For example, NLP tools for language learning must connect to Second Language Acquisition (SLA) and Foreign Language and Teaching (FLTL) ...
    ... resources, Natural Language Processing, Terminology 1. INTRODUCTION Natural Language Processing (NLP) has a two-faceted approach to education where one involves e-learning and computer-assisted learning and instruction and the other consists of NLP tools for analysis and use of language by machines [1] ...
    ... of Serbian language and the complexity of terms (they are the most often composed of two or more words called multi word units) it is not a simple process. Members of Language Resources and Technologies Society developed semiautomatic approach for term recognition, extraction and lemmatization ...

  • Frequency and Length of Syllables in Serbian

    Marija Radojičić, Biljana Lazić, Sebastijan Kaplar, Ranka Stanković, Ivan Obradović, Ján Mačutek, Lívia Leššová (2019)
    Basic analyses of several properties of syllables (the rank-frequency distribution, the distribution of length, and the relation between length and frequency) in Serbian is presented. The syllabification algorithm used combines the maximum onset principle and the sonority hierarchy. Results indicate that syllables behave similarly to words as far as mathematical models are concerned, but values of parameters in models for syllables are quite different from those for words.
    frekvencije slogova, dužina slogova, srpski jezik
    ... (1996). A comparison of lexeme and speech syllables in Dutch. Journal of Quantitative Linguistics 3, 8-28. Schiller, N.O., Meyer, A.S., Levelt, W.J.M. (1997). The syllabic structure of spoken words: Evidence from the syllabification of intervocalic consonants. Language and Speech 40, 103-140. Stanojčić ...
    ... framework of quantitative linguistics in several other papers. However, borders between syllables were determined either using language-specific rules (Obradović et al., 2010, for Serbian; Meštrović et al, 2015, for Croatian), or using the approach suggested by Pulgram (1970) and modified by Lehfeldt (1971) ...
    ... word length. In: Grzybek, P. (ed.), Contributions to the Science of Text and Language: 117-156. Dordrecht: Springer. Best, K.-H. (2005). Wortlänge. In: Köhler, R., Altmann, G., Piotrowski, R.G. (eds.), Quantitative Linguistics. An International Handbook: 260-273. Berlin, New York: de Gruyter. ...

  • Quantitative analysis of syllable properties in Croatian, Serbian, Russian, and Ukrainian

    Biljana Rujević, Marija Kaplar, Sebastijan Kaplar, Ranka Stanković, Ivan Obradović, Jan Mačutek (2021)
    slogovi, distribucija rang-preciznost, slovenski jezici

  • E-Dictionaries and Finite-State Automata for the Recognition of Named Entities

    Krstev Cvetana, Vitas Duško, Obradović Ivan, Utvić Miloš (2011)

  • A Method for Extracting Translational Equivalents from Aligned Texts

    Obradović Ivan (2013)

  • Extraction of Bilingual Terminology Using Graphs, Dictionaries and GIZA++

    Branislava Šandrih, Ranka Stanković (2020)
    U nauci, industriji i mnogim istraživačkim oblastima, terminologija se brzo razvija. Najčešće, jezik koji je „lingua franca“ za većinu ovih oblasti je engleski. Kao posledica toga, za mnoga polja termini domena su koncipirani na engleskom, a kasnije se prevode na druge jezike. U ovom radu predstavljamo pristup za automatsko izdvajanje dvojezične terminologije za englesko-srpski jezički par koji se oslanja na usaglašeni dvojezični korpus domena, ekstraktor terminologije za ciljni jezik i alat za usklađivanje delova. Ispitujemo performanse metode na domenu ...
    ekstrakcija terminologije, validacija terminologije, GIZA++, grafovi, Unitex, klasifikacija teksta
    ... poster and demonstration sessions, 177–180. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2007 Kontonatsios, G., M. Claudiu, Korkontzelos I., Thompson P and S. Anani- adou. “A Hybrid Approach to Compiling Bilingual Dictionaries of Medical Terms from Parallel Corpora”. Statistical Language and Speech ...
    ... Natural Language Engineer- ing Vol. 23, no. 1 (2017): 31–51 Hamon, T. and N. Grabar. “Adaptation of Cross-lingual Transfer Methods for the Building of Medical Terminology in Ukrainian”. In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Intelligent Text Processing and Computational Linguistics (CICLING2016) ...
    ... Texts”. Natural Language Engi- neering Vol. 22, no. 4 (2016): 517–548 Koehn, Philipp, Franz Josef Och and Daniel Marcu. “Statistical Phrase- based Translation”. In Proceedings of the 2003 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics on Human Language Technology ...

  • Digital Library From A Domain Of Criminalistics As A Foundation For A Forensic Text Analysis

    Dalibor Vorkapić, Aleksandra Tomašević, Miljana Mladenović, Ranka Stanković, Nikola Vulović (2017)
    U ovom radu predstavljen je model koji omogućava prikupljanje, pripremu, opis metapodataka, upravljanje i eksploataciju, uključujući pretragu punog teksta dokumenata iz domena kriminalistike napisanih na srpskom jeziku. Predloženi pristup primenjuje se na veb portalu koji sakuplja različite tekstove nastale iz časopisa Akademije za kriminalistiku i policijske studije, Krivičnog zakona Srbije, konferencija „Tara“ i „Reiss“, kao i iz nekih doktorskih disertacija vezanih za ovu oblast istraživanje. Nakon obrade teksta, korpus koji sadrži preko 5500 stranica običnog teksta, kreiran je i ...
    Omeka, Wordnet, pretraga punog teksta, morfološka i semantička pretraga teksta, proširenje upita
    ... (2008). Forensic Linguistics, Second Edition. London: Continuum ISBN 978-0-8264-6109-4 12. John Olsson (2004). An Introduction to Language Crime and the Law. London: Continuum International Publishing Group 13. C.S. Michell (2013). Investigating the use of forensic stylistic and stylometric techniques ...
    ... (right) APPLICATIONS FOR LINGUISTIC RESOURCES The linguistics and lexical resources used for query expansion and text analysis are depicted in Figure 3 on the left, while on the right are main application components of the language support system. Main lexical resources include morphological ...
    ... 4 John Olsson (2008).. Forensic Linguistics, Second Edition. London: Continuum ISBN 978-0-8264-6109-4 5 Falzini, Mark W. (9 September 2008). "The Ransom Notes: An Analysis of Their Content & "Signature"" 6 John Olsson (2004). An Introduction to Language Crime and the Law. London: Continuum International ...